Yes, This is now possible in exactly the same way as with Potlatch 1, assuming that you can.
First, note down the ID of the GPX file which you've uploaded to OSM. You can do this by clicking on it in the Traces listing, and seeing the number that appears in the URL.
Then, open have Potlatch 2 at the area you want to edit, and in the Background menu, select the Vector Background option. In the field at the bottom, paste *http://www.openstreetmap.org/api/0.6/gpx/12345/data.xml* - replacing 12345 with the ID you noted down earlier. Make sure GPX format is specified, and click Load.
It will then load in the background. You can alt-click the trace to convert it into a way.set as your default editor.