The various map layers are updated at different frequencies.
* [The "standard" map][1] is updated [very frequently][2]; the exact time depends on how often the area is viewed by users
* The cycle map ("Radfahrerkarte" in German) is updated [every few days][3]
* The transport map ("Verkehr" in German) is updated [every day or two][4]
* The MapQuest Open map is updated [every <strike>[every 15 minutes][5] for high zoom levels, but less frequently for low zoom levels
levels</strike> occasionally, although at the moment it's unclear how often this occurs (*thanks for the updates!*)
* I couldn't find any information on how frequently the "Humanitarian" map is updated
So just wait a day or two, and your changes will appear on all the map layers!
Some more information:
* [Featured map tiles][6]
* [Modifications not visible in cycle map][7]
* [Edits only show up on standard map, not cycle map][8]
[1]: http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Standard_tile_layer
[2]: http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Slippy_Map#OpenStreetMap_.22Standard.22_tile_server
[3]: http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/OpenCycleMap#Update_cycle
[4]: http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Transport_Map
[5]: http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/MapQuest#How_often_is_the_data_updated.3F
[6]: https://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Featured_tiles
[7]: https://help.openstreetmap.org/questions/43612/modification-not-visible-in-the-cycle-map-modification-non-visible-dans-la-carte-cyclable
[8]: https://help.openstreetmap.org/questions/14079/edits-show-only-on-standard-map-not-cycle-map-etc