Getting the areas around a feature

I would like to get the surrounding areas around a feature. For example, I have a polygon than represents a building / house and I want to get already defined areas like the neighborhood, city / town, state, country, continent, etc.

I would like to know this to correct the big areas that I cannot get from a normal download in JOSM, and some of these areas are not correct, like the postal code is not the appropriate, the neighborhood name is wrong, etc.