Building as layer=1 drawn over a pedestrian street area does not show up on OSM-Standard layer

In a related question somewhere around here (?) it was explained that the crucial thing is the "highway" tag here. ALL highways get forced priority over everything else, no matter any layers, no matter if it's just a pedestrian square. Even tunnels are painted ABOVE everything else, just in another style (dashed).
Buildings usually have an automatic higher priority too, just not over highways. Highways always win, no matter what. Because streets would vanish if in far zooms buildings would be painted over them with a higher priority.

Things get especially tricky if not even a multipolygon helps anymore, if buildings still do not show up! For example a church in a pedestrian area, cut out correctly by an MP. Have seen such a case, and the reason was: The pedestrian tag was not only in the relation, but ALSO still on the outer square way! Removing it from there finally unearthed the building.

This is funny, because this prob with tagged outer ways is usually auto-corrected by Mapnik. Usually only less powerful apps, like Mapsforge (offline vector maps), start showing nonsense if outers are tagged, causing crazy forest floods etc. People just don't notice this dangerous prob because Mapnik does so much self-repairing and guessing and nearly always successful. Obviously highways areas are the only exception where even Mapnik still trips over that mix of old-style-new-style MP mapping.

The area where the tower is located is NOT part of the pedestrian area. You need to make the pedestrian area a relation with the building=tower as an inner. This models the actual situation more accurately than at present.

In the past the way in which buildings and pedestrian areas were rendered did show buildings mapped in the way described. I dont think the layer tag is necessarily that significant; CartoCSS uses area size as well when determining whether to render which areas on top of others. Changes were made to the layering some time ago (at least as far back as 2014 because I remember being puzzled about the same thing at the time of Wikimania in London). See the relevant issue on github.

Romainbou, there is no mistake the pedestrian tag covers everything else at the same spot. The tower has a tag layer=1 why ? Because it is a tower and you could walk through ? If so, tag the short stretch of the way beneath or inside the tower with tunnel=building_passage and make a connection to some of the roads around the pedestrian area. And delete the layer=1 tag. The method thats used to draw the highway=pedestrian is confusing, it covers the living streets, it should not be drawn over ways besides it, but next to the excisting infrastructure.

I am also confused by this fact that pedestrian area always drawn over everything else. I created a building that is over a pedestrian area. It is called "Piloti". The building over the pedestrian area doesn't show on OSM-standard-layer. The building shows on OSM-cyclemap-layer.

http://tools.geofabrik.de/mc/#18/36.5636/139.8827&num=2&mt0=mapnik&mt1=cyclemap

I fixed the invalid multipolygon relation you pointed out, but the renderings are still the same. http://tools.geofabrik.de/mc/#18/36.5636/139.8827&num=2&mt0=mapnik&mt1=cyclemap

I think the issue is a pedestrian area being a highway and a priority over a building. I looked at the issue discussed on github : https://github.com/gravitystorm/openstreetmap-carto/issues/688 and it looks like it's not solved since it's been first reported in 2014. I think it could be resolved if pedestrian area is defined as landuse rather than highway.