extract town / administrative / country

Is there a easy way to extract data as it's showed on:

http://nominatim.openstreetmap.org/details.php?place_id=100045

to get: Name with all translations / alternate names lat/lng administrative country

I need the similar data as provided by Geonames but I like the quality of OSM much more, it provide very well translations and take care about various cyrillic charsets.

Which would be the best workaround? For now I see this way: -> import to postgresql -> extract needed data -> import to mysql -> index with elasticsearch

How I can catch the different levels town > administrative > country?

What role has place_id (place_id=100045) with the data?