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I'm interested in identifying the most common mapping errors you stumble upon from other OSMers (or that you make yourself).

If we could list some of the most common mistakes then we could use that information to drive improvements that may help to prevent the same mistakes being made in the future (e.g. by clarifying the wiki documentation, modifying the editor UI, writing scripts to find the mistakes etc).

This is obviously a very subjective question, but hopefully some people may find the answers useful. Please try to stick to definite actual errors, rather than simple differences of opinion.

This question is marked "community wiki".

asked 06 Oct '10, 15:01

GrahamS's gravatar image

GrahamS
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51

Unconnected Ways

Screengrab from Potlatch editor showing unconnected ways

The selected way is a residential street that should clearly form a junction with the "Langdon Road" way at the bottom of the image. But as you can see, there is no black box around that point, so the original OSMer has actually missed and the result is that the way stops just before it gets to "Langdon Road".

I see this mistake a lot (which is what prompted me to ask the question). It is barely noticeable when just viewing the map, but it really messes up routing through these streets and I usually find errors like these when investigating reported map bugs from skobbler

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answered 06 Oct '10, 15:32

GrahamS's gravatar image

GrahamS
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edited 06 Oct '10, 15:34

8

Indeed unconnected ways are a fairly common issue despite both potlatch and josm indicating quite well when a way is connected and when not.

One tool to help find and fix these errors is the OSM inspector - routing view. ( http://tools.geofabrik.de/osmi/?view=routing&lon=-0.02490&lat=51.36767&zoom=6 ). But as with all automated tools, it also has a number of false positives / negatives, so it can't be used blindly to fix these.

(06 Oct '10, 23:57) apmon

@apmon: thanks, I'll try OSM Inspector. I had a play with the "keep right!" tool mentioned by @scaii and found it was very useful at finding these errors. It refers to them as "almost-junctions".

(07 Oct '10, 09:51) GrahamS
7

http://keepright.ipax.at/ is almost obnoxiously efficient at finding these.

(23 Feb '11, 22:21) Baloo Uriza

curiously, I tried both the OSM inspector and "Keepright", and I don't find the same misses! But from experimenting around my area I cans say both detect real lacks of connections :-) Hervé

(15 Apr '11, 13:38) Herve5

@Paul Johnson thanks for mentioning Keepright! I have used OSMI, MapDust, OpenStreetBugs and probably other QA tools, but Keepright is very cool and helpful.

(15 Apr '11, 22:24) ponzu

What's the easiest way to fix this in Potlatch?

(31 May '11, 21:41) Munchabunch

@Munchabunch: In this example I'd select the last node in the highlighted way, press the '-' (minus) key to delete it, then click on the Langdon Road way to connect them properly.

(15 Aug '11, 09:36) GrahamS

You can move the node over the way to which it should be connected, and press 'J' for join.

(05 Sep '11, 11:27) Richard ♦
2

OpenStreetMap.fr has also developed an excellent QA tool (Osmose) that covers now the world, with live updates. Compared to KeepRight, it is often much more precise, more detailed, with useful fixes proposed, at least for Europe and its dependencies on other continents (except possibly Asia), and it is fresher (better fix things sooner than later and give help to the author, to avoid other problems). But unconnected ways, and unclosed boundaries ARE detected everywhere. Additionally, this tool speaks YOUR language (KeepRight just speaks English or has poor translations).

(27 Nov '12, 10:30) Verdy_p

The easiest fix in JOSM is to start dragging the ending node, then presssing CTRL while dropping the node to the other way to join with it. Note how the mouse cursor changes when you're pressing CTRL while still dragging the node... pressing 'J' with the node selected sometimes moves it and connect it to the wrong nearby way. Another solution: press CTRL to create the intersection node on the way, add the other node to the selection and press 'M' to merge the nodes (but this will move the newest node to the oldest one, so a straight way would become non straight)

(27 Nov '12, 10:37) Verdy_p

Also, when you see unconnected roads, you may just move back the final node up to the point where there's a pedestrian crossing. Add the crossing tag, the stop marks for vehicles, Then select that node and use the line mode to terminate the way to the crossing point. Finally add turn restriction on this new final node.

(27 Nov '12, 10:46) Verdy_p

This kind of problems is really easy to find using JOSM validator.

(03 Jul '14, 17:13) Mateusz Koni...
showing 5 of 12 show 7 more comments

Wrong Tagging

For example using highway=footway for ways that also allow bicycles. The correct tagging would be either highway=path or highway=footway with bicycle=yes.

The opposite is the use of highway=cycleway for ways sharing both cyclists and pedestrians, hence needing either an additional foot=yes or just highway=path (and optionally foot=designated and bicycle=designated depending on the actual purpose).

These mistakes are quite common. Also see the wiki on access restrictions on different kinds of ways. They may differ from country to country.

For mistakes like unconnected ways, there exist several quality assurance tools such as keep right which report ways that are very close to each other, but unconnected, as well as many other common mistakes.

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answered 06 Oct '10, 16:24

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scai ♦
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edited 06 Oct '10, 16:58

GrahamS's gravatar image

GrahamS
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2

About the only place I can think of where highway=footway would be appropriate for something that allows bicycles is the edge case of mapping a sidewalk in one of the rare areas (in North America at least) where operating such a vehicle on the sidewalk is OK.

(23 Feb '11, 22:25) Baloo Uriza
2

The correct tagging would be either ...

This is frustrating - why are both possible? Is one more correct than the other?

(24 May '11, 21:58) jezmck

Mappers can tag what they like - depending on your point of view it's either the great weakness or the great strength of the project.

For more on highway=path vs highway=footway/cycleway search the mailing lists (if you're suffering from insomnia)

(25 May '11, 01:19) SomeoneElse ♦

bicycle=yes on footways is the representation for an actual traffic sign in some jurisdictions (e.g. Germany) that allows bicycles on footways (legally this is neither the same as allowing pedestrians on cycleways nor is it the same as a shared footway and cycleway).

(28 Feb '17, 16:11) dieterdreist
74

Not Mapping!

The most common mistake users make, is to register for OpenStreetMap, but then fail to do any map editing at all. Strange but true! See pascal's „Nominal Members“ of OSM? blog post.

Please all you people. Have a go at mapping! Make mistakes. We don't mind.

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answered 06 Oct '10, 17:03

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Harry Wood
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edited 07 Oct '10, 09:47

GrahamS's gravatar image

GrahamS
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3

Absolutely Harry. I'm keeping a careful eye on this post because I definitely don't want it to turn into a set of "slag off the noobs" answers. I'm interested in finding where the common problems are so we can help the noobs (and everyone else).

(06 Oct '10, 17:21) GrahamS
6

As a new user who's registered but not (yet) edited the map, I'll suggest that some sort of introduction to editing the map is desperately needed. Or if there is one, it needs to be much more prominent; I found my way to this "help centre" looking for such a guide, and still haven't found one. I'll be glad to have a go at mapping once I figure out how!

(13 May '11, 19:17) cmadler
2

Update: Via the blog post linked above, I found my way finally to the Beginners' guide, but I'll suggest that it should be much easier to find!

(13 May '11, 19:27) cmadler
2

I'm not surprised that MANY people sign up then give up. The instructions and answers are spread over many different systems and I haven't found answers to some pretty basic questions yet. I had to create a second login to post this comment and more logins are required to participate in discussion groups. I tried watching a video, but it's just too large for my rural connection. I am very discouraged at this point. I edited databases from '75 to '88 and continued with systems design work until '01 but I'm not sure that I can find out how to help here.

(22 Oct '12, 00:55) etch-a-map

Absolutely agreed re "The instructions and answers are spread over many different systems". While things are getting better (this help site didn't exist when I started, for example) there's still a long way to go.

One of the places that I'd suggest asking "what's it all about then" questions is the "newbies" list. It's relatively low traffic, so if you subscribe you won't get swamped.

Another is the "#OSM" IRC channel. There's a wide range of different discussions in there at any one time but if you ask a question like "how do I do X?" or "I've just mapped Y, does it look OK?" someone will usually be around to reply (if you don't have an IRC client installed you can just use the web client).

There are also various diferent discussion groups within the forum, and for a general "contact" overview see this page.

(22 Oct '12, 09:07) SomeoneElse ♦

Go mapping!

Yes, but don't map ignoring the licence and contributor terms. Mapping from Google is wrong but there are lots of allowed sources (including the Bing imagery covering the world by satellite in medium resolution, plus US and most of Europe in high resolution Aerial orthophotography). But let's not forget that Bing imagery is frequently old (often more than 5 years, and even the last monthly updates in Bing are photos dating almost one year). But DON'T REMOVE data you don't understand or that you don't like rendered because it's "ugly" for your eyes or invisible in Bing images!

(27 Nov '12, 10:14) Verdy_p

Another reason for people not feeling brave enough to start is that the default editor which comes up when I click 'Edit' is Potlatch 2, but the online tutorial I was sent a link to when I signed up shows a different or older editor, bearing little visual resemblance to Potlatch 2. Also, no warning was given that the Bing imagery is not necessarily exactly aligned. I merrily set to work adjusting local buildings and roads by 2 or 3 metres wondering why so many were a bit out.

(02 May '13, 16:13) Jonga

What's the URL of the online tutorial that you were sent so that we can get it changed?

(02 May '13, 16:17) SomeoneElse ♦
1

I'm a newbie. I'll say that although there is definitely available documentation it is very confusing to have docs for iD, P2, JSOM all mixed together. Also, I didn't find any that are comprehensive from a beginners perspective, they include how to add a POI but tagging that POI is covered in a very high level gloss. For example, I am trying to figure out (please don't feel the need to answer here, I've already asked in the forum...) how to add a golf=driving_range tag but can't to find specifics. iD only offers me some of the tag options and I'm not sure where to put it in P2 or JOSM.

(30 Aug '13, 20:32) jaseiny
3

Hello, I registered today since I am using OSM heavily on my ANDROID phone during my trip in Japan and intend to contribute. Looking for a tutorial, I came here. Here a good tutorial on creating OSM maps: https://help.openstreetmap.org/questions/28251/interactive-tutorial-to-getting-started-editing-osm including the following links: http://learnosm.org/en/ http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Beginners%27_guide This should save you at least 30 minutes of searching around for tutorials, beginners guides, OSM basics, etc.....

(23 Aug '14, 04:22) ostino
showing 5 of 10 show 5 more comments
33

Highway Classification

A common error from newbies is the highway classification.
For instance, a highway=secondary is downgraded to a residential road (highway=residential) just because it's crossing a village and/or is temporarily narrower. The highway classification primary/secondary/tertiary/unclassified/residential is indicating the importance of a road within the transportation network. This may or may not affect the physical attributes (in fact, they are: a primary road is usually wider than a residential road). But physical attributes have to be documented with other tags (like width, surface, lanes, etc).
Another mistake is to use highway=unclassified when the highway class is unknown (e.g. traced from aerial imagery) where the correct tag is highway=road.
But it's also true that for some roads, setting the right highway class is not easy, especially in countries where the OSM highway classes don't have a 1:1 equivalence with the local administrative classifications.

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answered 06 Oct '10, 17:31

Pieren's gravatar image

Pieren
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edited 07 Oct '10, 09:47

GrahamS's gravatar image

GrahamS
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1

I know this subject has been pounded into the dirt, however, the primary/secondary/tertiary and footway/cycleway/pedestrian/path distinctions seem to cause the most troubles.

(23 Feb '11, 22:23) Baloo Uriza
2

In Portugal and Cyprus I have entered roads with highway=road because it is impossible to rate them on a survey. However all these have been edited to highway=unclassified.

In Cyprus, even some dense residential areas do not have street names but block names (eg Sea View Gardens on one side of the road and Sunset Villas on the other) and I still have not figured out how to name the highway=residentials.

I have sometimes used landuse=residential name=Sunset Villas but what about the addresses when one side of road belongs to Sunset Villas and the other to Sea View Gardens?

(24 Feb '11, 06:47) dcp
2

This is not a forum. You should convert your comment to a new question ;-)

(24 Feb '11, 08:44) Pieren

You can see this quite often in Italy: highest highway class in urban centres (sometimes quite big ones with place=city) is tertiary or unclassified. All primaries stop before the city and restart after it. Up to some time ago even Milan had only tertiary streets inside the city, but fortunately this is slightly improving now.

(27 Feb '11, 11:06) dieterdreist
1

That's a good one! I only recently started converting some of the streets that I (and others) had tagged as tertiary to unclassified. I had completely misread originally what unclassified meant. And I do live in one of those countries, for which this classification means little. I don't know if this is cheating, but when in doubt I peek at Google Maps. They only have two colors: white and yellow. I have decided that Google's yellow covers our primary, secondary and tertiary. If a road is not yellow in Google, I tend not to tag it higher than unclassified. Or is that another mistake? ;)

(15 Apr '11, 00:01) ponzu

JOSM Boundaries

In JOSM I once made the mistake of downloading an area then subsequently editing outside that area, without realising it was outside the extents of my downloaded region. So I ended up adding objects that were already there, but I didn't see them as I hadn't downloaded that area. I quickly found "Draw boundaries of download data" under the Preferences>Display>OSM Data and turned it on. No more of such problems. I think that from a usability point of view, it should be enabled by default.

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answered 07 Oct '10, 09:33

aharvey's gravatar image

aharvey
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edited 07 Oct '10, 09:48

GrahamS's gravatar image

GrahamS
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6

Fortunately, this is enabled by default.

(23 Feb '11, 22:24) Baloo Uriza

Oh, that's right, it is. My mistake. I must have forgotten that early on I disabled it so I could see the pretty slippy map background clearly.

(05 Mar '11, 22:45) aharvey
25

Missing Bridges

Quite often in OSM, we find two roads (or road/railway or road/waterway) crossing in OSM without any information about the intersection. Thus we don't know if it is really an intersection (simply put a node) or if it is crossing at different levels (don't put a node but split the way to extract a small segment and tag it with 'bridge=yes' and 'layer=1') (or 'tunnel=yes' if it is a tunnel).
Even if you don't know exactly where the bridge/tunnel is starting/finishing, it's better to have approximate length than leaving a question mark on the map (because it's reported by almost all quality assurance tools and cannot be fixed without a second survey). And please, don't put a node if both ways are at different layers even if you tag them correctly, otherwise some routing application might think that the link exists (e.g. steps) and might create routes through some connections that do not exist in reality.

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answered 08 Oct '10, 15:12

Pieren's gravatar image

Pieren
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edited 08 Oct '10, 15:40

6

because it's reported by almost all quality assurance tools and cannot be fixed without a second survey

I've more then once found where people who look at the quality assurance tools think they can fix this without a second survey. They draw a bridge where there is no bridge in the real world. This is really irritating, because it replaces a very visible error with an error that is hard to find.

(24 Nov '12, 16:29) cartinus
3

For truck routing it would be also extremely useful if you could as well specify, if there are any height restrictions underneath bridges!

Please check the OSM Wiki for Maxheight tag. There's also a QA tool around to help you find potential missing maxheight tags in your area (-> search wiki for "Maxheight Map").

(03 Jul '14, 20:41) mmd

Note that segments are gone in the latest version of the API.

(06 Jun '18, 03:46) Arlo James B...
1

@Arlo James Barnes : I think this is a misunderstanding, Pierzen used segment in its ordinary not special OSM sense as a type of element.. Like me (and this help forum) he started editing OSM long after segments as OSM elements disappeared.

(06 Jun '18, 11:03) SK53 ♦
-26

Roadways and Railways should not use a connecting node where they cross. If it is a grade level crossing, you should tag a point on the roadway, but that point shouldn't be shared with the rail line. The grade level crossing is a feature of the road, not the rail. Another way to look at this is to tag the thing that changes -- the rail line is two continuous ribbons of steel, the road is broken as it crossed lines.

This also goes for power lines, pipe lines and administrative ways. If you want to have 'fun', look at the duplicate node map.

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answered 09 Oct '10, 12:42

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gadget
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edited 09 Oct '10, 12:46

1

Hmm, you are mixing things. You can plot the level crossing before and after the real intersectin between the road and the railway if you like (although most of the contributors tag this once on the intersection itself). But you still have to put a common node between the two lines if they physically at the same level.

(09 Oct '10, 13:30) Pieren
10

Existing established practice in OpenStreetMap is to tag a node shared between the road and the rail ways. See http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Tag:railway=level_crossing or use TagInfo (http://taginfo.openstreetmap.de/) to see what other mappers are already doing.

(09 Oct '10, 13:38) Jonathan Ben...
1

I agree that this answer in incorrect. Perhaps the confusion stems from looking at the U.S. data. There the situation is that the TIGER import brought in lots of road and rails which (probably) cross over/under eachother as bridge somehow, likewise lots of power cables which cross over the roads. Now the import brought in the geometries and annoyingly arranged it in OSM with two nodes sat on top of eachother. So not actually incorrectly connecting the two things, but creating a "duplicate node" (minor mistake). And then some people have been incorrectly "fixing" that by merging (major mistake)

(23 Feb '11, 13:23) Harry Wood
4

Actually, crossing nodes should be shared with the roadway, and it's a feature of both the road and the rail. Plus, there are some modes that can successfully navigate a turn from a highway to a railway. Track trucks come immediately to mind. And there's the hiker-lost-in-the-woods scenario where routing along a railway (legality issues aside) to the nearest highway or town would be quite beneficial.

(23 Feb '11, 22:28) Baloo Uriza
1

I vote down for this very bad suggestion. We need to identify eactly those intersections (if they intersect), or need to use distinct layers on ways (there's a missing bridge/tunnel section on the highway or railway).

So yes, create those nodes for level crossings (which are dangerous, and must be signaled as such).

This is the same case when there's a footway crossing a highway: we add crossing nodes as well, or when a highway crosses a river: we need a bridge or tunnel (different layers) or a ford node (actual crossing on the same layer)

(24 Feb '17, 13:51) verdy_p
13

They forget the source

Additionnaly to other mentioned common error, another one is data without source mentionned. When I see strange data without source, I cannot evaluate the error of the autor (error of the GPS, obsolete imagery, approximate survey, …) and the final solution is to ask to the author. An other consequence is that we cannot evaluate easily the quality of the data, depending of the known lack of precision of a source.

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answered 24 Feb '11, 12:04

NicolasDumoulin's gravatar image

NicolasDumoulin
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accept rate: 13%

I don't know exactly what kind of strange data you are referring to, but if there is a way (tagged highway) in OSM which is not there in reality you should correct it regardless of the source. Source is useful for stuff like "population" where you can see how old the data is.

(27 Feb '11, 11:21) dieterdreist
1

I wish Potlatch2 gave better tools for adding source easily. For example: similarly to how R replicates all tags from the last touched object of the same class (which is awesome), so S or Ctrl-R or some hotkey should replicate just the last entered source.

I know this is not the place for Potlatch wishlist (although now that I typed this up I might just create a Trac ticket :), but I'm just trying to explain why I, for one, am being bad about stating the source. Too much work, too little to show for it (literally).

I suppose we could at least add the source to the changeset, if that helps.

(14 Apr '11, 23:52) ponzu
4

Ponzu, I found out quite recently, the key "B" shortcut for Potlatch2. Just press it in same manner as "R" replicates, and "B" puts in the current background as the Source - great for when u are tracing from Bing or the like.

(17 Apr '11, 19:58) Russ McD
3

Please don't use source=* on single objects. Instead, use it on the changeset. On a node with several tags, nobody knows which tag (or maybe its position?) the source tag refers to. If you feel that you use multiple sources for your changeset, either make your changeset smaller, state all sources or further elaborate your changes in the changeset comment.

(19 Aug '13, 15:41) Chaos99
2

@Chaos99 That works if every item in a changeset has the same source, but not if they don't. As for sourcing individual tags (if it's necessary, which it usually isn't!) Taginfo shows that "source:blah" is well-used and accepted.

Basically - use whatever's needed to communicate with future mappers, whether that's changeset source tags, item source tags or even something more granular.

(19 Aug '13, 15:59) SomeoneElse ♦
3

@SomeoneElse I've already mentioned splitting the changeset, giving multiple sources and using the changeset comment. source:bla indeed solves the reference issue, but still pollutes the database. We should at least use the method most suited to the specific task. 10000x "source=BING arial imagery" on building outlines doesn't give us any more info than once on the changeset.

(19 Aug '13, 17:05) Chaos99
showing 5 of 6 show 1 more comments

Not being explicit with topology. E.g. intersections / junctions are often not mapped in a way that makes it clear which way is the one discharged into the other (they seem equally important from the mapping, the form of the junction is not mapped). Topology is also a matter when it comes to the limitations of GPS accuracy: some users tend to believe the GPS unit more than their eyes: they map a feature on the other side of a road if the stored coordinates of the waypoint indicate this. Or they draw zigzig-lines where the road is perfectly straight.

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answered 27 Feb '11, 11:30

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dieterdreist
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accept rate: 3%

edited 27 Feb '11, 15:10

1

Getting the topology to match what's on the ground is important to routers too - it makes the difference between "take the second exit from the roundabout" and "take the first exit".

(07 Mar '11, 12:49) SomeoneElse ♦

What's the correct way to tag which way is discharged into the other?

(24 Nov '12, 04:14) nicolas17

you do it geometrically, if it is not clear maybe it really isn't clear in the particular situation.

If you are after names or reference numbers you could see these as well, but in some special cases the name (maybe even the ref) don't follow the "main flow". (e.g. could imagine a road intersection, where continuing leads to a higher road and the current ref turns into "another" road).

(24 Nov '12, 16:30) dieterdreist
17

Not adapting the quantity of nodes for highways to the situation. Often mappers use always the same (regular) distance between 2 nodes of a way, more or less regardless if it is straight or curved. Instead you should put more nodes in straight curves and only 1 node on each end of a non-curved part of a way (unless there are junctions or changing attributes like maxspeed in between).

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answered 27 Feb '11, 11:34

dieterdreist's gravatar image

dieterdreist
3.7k113567
accept rate: 3%

All those unneeded nodes make the database a lot bigger without even adding a single bit of detail (sometimes, making it even harder to align the road better, or introducing curves where there are none).

So I agree with this one, straight ends don't need nodes, and those nodes should be deleted when editing a way.

(14 Aug '12, 17:41) Sanderd17
2

Note however that straight highway are not really straight above some distance (almost never for streets in cities at distances higher than 50 meters: you need additional nodes for changes of lanes, parking lots, turning lanes, and trafic calming reduction of widths; even for motorways in rural areas, the line is not straight above about 200 meters. Placing nodes correctly at reasonnable distance improves the precision and avoids making deviation angles visible when there's effectively a very clight curve. As a rule place the nodes as exactly as possible in the middle of the road on the visible painted signals between the two directions, and avoid this line to cross more than a single lane or getting out of the road (through side drains or though kerbs separating side walkways or through security barriers.)

(28 Feb '17, 15:49) verdy_p

yes, you will need more nodes for detailed mapped features even if they consist of straight lines, because of changing properties and intersecting ways. As a rule of thumb, when mapping highways in "significantly incomplete" areas, you can put a node on each intersection, even if you don't add the crossing highways at that time.

(28 Feb '17, 16:07) dieterdreist
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question asked: 06 Oct '10, 15:01

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